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Photography with cameras
Nikon D3x, Nikon D300, Canon 50D
Image editing with Photoshop |
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Keyword: Structure |
Overview - a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z |
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| Pollen | Pollen is a floury substance, produced by seed plants. It consists of single grains (microspores) with a resistant wall (sporoderm). The sporoderm has an inner (intine) and an outer (exine) structure.
The cell is completely surrounded by the intine. The outer layer of the intine has a high pectin content, which allows easier detachment of the exine. The inner intine consists mainly of fibrils (cellulose). When the pollen grain germinates, th...
...t, which allows easier detachment of the exine. The inner intine consists mainly of fibrils (cellulose). When the pollen grain germinates, the intine develops into a pollen tube.
The exine has two-layers and consists mainly of sporopollenin. The structure is determined by the pollen grain. Pollen grains vary in size, shape and surface structure, so that it is possible to identify what plant genus and species they come from. Pollen grains reach average sizes of between 10 and 100 microns. They have one or more apertures, which lack the outer layer of the exine so that the intine can grow th... | | |
| | The wing covers (elytra) also have a lace like surface. This structure, in addition to the structure of the antennae and the body shape, is an essential feature in the identification of the various species and gave rise to their common name in both English and German. Here, the number of strips and the mesh of the lattice plays an essential role. T... | | |
| | | Beetles’ body shapes are very diverse as a result of adaption to environment. They can be long, lean, short and stocky as well as flat and sometimes streamlined. The structure of the beetle’s surface is an important criterion for classification. The surface can be smooth, ridged, shiny, grooved or with cavities and bumps. Beetles are sometimes bizarrely shaped as a means of camouflage.
Another important distinguishin... | | |
| | For the purpose of identification, lepidopterans’ wings are particularly important. Their colour, shape, size and structure. | | |
| | Adult specimens can reach body lengths of 3-4 mm. The surface of? their flattened upper body has a lattice-like? structure. They have wax glands, the secretions of which make the surface appear like being powdered. The head of the andromeda lace bug is nearly hidden (under a big, black, bullet-shaped bubble on the neck) . Their antennae are an important identifying c... | | |
| | ...he scutellum (small triangular plate behind the pronotum). The front wings are transparent, shimmering in every colour, and almost cover the entire body. The wings show two very dark ribbons. The membranes are difficult to see under the lattice-like structure of the wings. | | |
| | The larvae hatch in spring (April or May), although the timing depends on the weather. They feed on the same plants as the adults. Their upper body is covered with spikes of different lengths, which sometimes split into two. The lattice-like structure on the surface of the body (which is characteristic of the species) is not yet apparent on the bodies of the larvae. Like the adult bugs, they are covered with waxy secretions from their glands which make their surface look powdered. The development... | | |
| | Adult Tingidae reach body lengths of 2 - 10 mm. Their elongated bodies are oval or flat. Their simple eyes (ocelli) are regressed. The pronotum is keeled and has a lace like structure. Its margin in many species is widened and folded. At the front edge of the pronotum hood-like shaped cysts can often be found. These bubbles on the neck may be so large that the head is hidden beneath them. In some more developed species the poster... | | |
| | ...lmost exclusively on the underside of the leaves of the food plants of their larvae (nymphs). The eggs of some species spend the winter there. The hatched larvae have longer or shorter thorns depending on what species they are. The typical lace like structure of the upper body is absent. In the first larval stage, they still do not have wings, these are formed only from the 2nd and 3rd stage on, and are fully developed by the end of the last larval stage. In most species larval development occurs in 5 st... | | |
| | Money spiders reach body lengths of 1.5 - 3 mm. The shape of their webs in their slightly curved (dome) structure remembers to canopies. These spiders owe their German name to the shape of their web which is slightly domed like a baldachin - the canopy over a tomb or altar. | | |
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