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| These flies prefer moist,shady, deciduous or mixed forests, but are also encountered at their edges, especially in areas with moist and sandy soil. Before mating, the flat-footed flies often appear in large swarms, in which they mark their territory by leaving scent marks on trees and shrubs. As they fly up and down they let their legs hang down. When encountered on leaves and on wet sandy soils, they can be identified by their zigzag movements. | | |
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| ...ae reach body lengths of 4-5 mm. Their yellow to brown bodies are shaped like isopods and have appendages of different sizes according to what species they are. The larvae of flat-footed flies pupate at the end of the last larval stage, in or on the soil. The second generation overwinters in the larval stage. | | |
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| The larvae of scarabs live in the soil, are C-shaped and known as grubs. They reach up to 70 mm in length and need 3 weeks to 5 years to develop from egg to chrysalis, depending on the species. | | |
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| ...gh considered polyphagous i.e. feeding from a variety of sources), are pure herbivores that can cause tremendous damage in turnip fields when appearing en masse. Members of the species Silpha atrata lay their eggs on dry or decaying leaves or in the soil. Their larvae can also cause damage to young turnip plants. | | |
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| .... The larvae feed on these leaves for about 4 to 5 weeks after hatching (usually in the month of August);later they feed on the fruit. Theygo through 5 stages of development up to autumn time. Rhopalus subrufus overwinter in frost free places in the soil or under leaves. | | |
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| Mating season is fromJuly /to September. The fertilized females lay their eggs just below the surface of the soil (usually in chaff or leaves). The larvae of Lagria hirta are cream to light brown in colour. They feed on rotting leaves or on peat. The development of the larvae from egg to beetle takes 9 months, from autumn to spring. Lagria hirta overwinter in t... | | |
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| The first pair of legs are strongly built and ciliated. They help the Scoliidae to bury themselves in the ground. The burial, if it is not for the night only, especially in the female specimens allows access to the soil or rotting wood, where different species of scarab larvae live, which are amongst the preferred host animals of the Scoliid wasp’s larvae.
Scoliidae prefer warm temperatures. Adults (especially Campsomerinae) are flower visitors, feeding on nectar... | | |
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| ... inside scarab or weevil larvae. The host larva is stung in the neck or chest area and is repeatedly kneaded with the mouth parts (mandibles). The females then build tunnels in the earth, sometimes to a depth of one metre beneath the surface of the soil, and drag the permanently paralyzed host larvae into these, depositing them at the end. The host larva are thus stowed in an "incubator". One egg is placed on each host insect. During a period of one to three months, Scoliidae females can... | | |
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| The female digs a course in the soil for her eggs. At the end of the tunnel is a chamber which houses the egg and a stunned insect that will later serve as food for the hatched larvae. After oviposition, the nest is sealed and the entrance camouflaged. | | |
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| Mites and ticks live in diverse habitats however, they prefer warm moist environments. Most species live in the soil. Others live in the hair of animals, theirorifices or even their skin. Some species specialize in birds and their plumage. Other species are found in the vicinity of people, for example, in beds (place of preference), or upholstered furniture, car... | | |
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