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| ...lding the nest on bare, dry, sandy soil sites. For this purpose they dig a main gallery, which is up to 60 cm deep and leads into the ground, and into diverse brood cells (incubators). The entrance to the nest looks like a crater surrounded by a small mound. The brood cells are filled with a pulp of pollen and nectar by the females and afterwards they lay an egg on this mixture. A few days later the larvae hatch. The development of the larvae to the point of pupation takes a few weeks. The... | | |
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| ...ay their eggs on rotting plants, under bark or in reeds, using a special ovipositor which enables them to bore holes. After hatching, the larvae feed initially on the surrounding plant substrates. In a later stage of their development they prey on small insects, just as the adultsdo. After the last larval stage, the larvae pupate. The pupae are spun in a cocoon of silk and have long breathing tubes. | | |
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| Small-headed flies | | Small-headed flies (Acroceridae), are a family of flies in the order Diptera, suborder Brachycera, infraorder Asilomorpha and in the superfamily Nemestrinoidea. . Scientific synonyms for Acroceridae are: Cyrtidae and Ogcodidae. | | |
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| Small-headed flies reach body lengths of 3 to 20 mm. Most species are medium in size. Their remarkably bumpy bodies are stocky, almost spherical and often have fine furry hairs (instead of bristles). Many types have a metallic shine. Others resemble wa... | | |
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| The heads of these flies are very small (hence their name ). The compound eyes of the males are almost joined? (holoptic eyes). On the sides of the thorax (chest) are large scales , under which the halteres (the balancing organ of a two-winged fly) are concealed. Some species have a very... | | |
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| Their ability to fly varies from species to species. While the adult small-headed flies eat flower nectar, their larvae live as parasites on spiders (Araneae). It is suspected that they also infect mites. | | |
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| Flat-footed flies are small and reach body lengths of 2-3 mm. Their often compact and bumpy bodies are black or yellow in colour. Males are often darker than females. | | |
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| Adult Sepsis violacea reach body lengths of 3- 4.5 mm and are therefore relatively small. Their sleek, sturdy bodies are dark with a metallic shine. They are more or less hairy. They always have h one or more hair bristle along the anterior respiratory opening (spiracle), just below and above the halteres. Their spherical heads also h... | | |
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| ...the body are a shiny dark metallic blue colour , with green or brass-like tones. Their forewings (elytra ) are reddish-brown and (when closed) show an approximately equilateral triangle at the upperside. The elytra are coarse to finely covered in small holes. Depending on light conditions, the head and scutellum appear black, dark blue or bronze-green in colour.
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| Willow flea beetle | | ...mature. In June/August the beetles mate. The fertilized females lay their eggs on the leaves of the forage plants of their larvae. The eggs are yellowish and spindle-shaped.
The larvae hatch in summer. They are 5-6 mm long, black and resemble a small slug. The larvae live sociably on the same host plants (such as willow and poplar trees of the genus Salix or genus Populus) just like the adult beetles and often eat the leaves with the venes of the leaves remaining only. In late summer, the three... | | |
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