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Photography with cameras
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Keyword: Honey |
Overview - a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z | |
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| Honey | | Honey contains about 200 different ingredients. Honey bees make honey from nectar or honeydew in order to be self-sufficient. The composition of honey varies depending on what kind it is and it can be liquid or crystalline.
Honey has been used by humans since the Stone Age. Since the invention of sugar extraction from sugar beet or sugar cane , the importance of honey as a sweetener has declined enormously. Nowadays honey is mainly used as a bread spread. However due to its antibacterial properties, honey is, also used in the field of medicine (in the treatment of wounds).
The main ingredients in honey are: fruit sugar, glucose, water and other sugars, pollen, minerals, proteins, enzymes, amino acids, vitamins and colour and flavour compounds. In Germany, honey is subject to the food law.
There are two kinds of honey : blossom honey (from the nectar of flowers ) and honeydew honey (from the excreta of plant sucking insects, and from plants’ secretions.
The following are examples of blossom honey: rape honey, acacia honey, dandelion honey, sunflower honey, heather honey, clover honey, chestnut honey and linden honey. Some examples of honeydew honey are: forest honey, pine honey and honey leaf.
Honey can be divided into groups according to the extraction method?: From the procedure honey is won there is strained honey, sliced honey, comb honey, drained honey, pressed honey and stamped honey.
Honey can pose a risk to humans. Honey can contain Clostridium botulinum spores. When ingested by infants, these spores can produce a toxin that can cause infant botulism. Pollen existing in honey also can cause allergic reactions. | | |
| | Western honey bee | | The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) was formerly known as the European honey bee. It belongs to the genus of honey bees, which is thought to have existed for the last 100 million years. . It was previously only widespread in Europe, Africa and Asia. Because of its importance to apiculture, the honey bee was brought to other continents in the course of colonisation. In Asia there are 8 other species of bees, of which the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) is the most well known. Honey bees are divided into 25 sub-species. One of these is the European dark bee, which was originally only native north of the Alps. | | |
| | | ...ng together and temporarily to protect themselves. Even sleeping, hibernation and guards groups are formed. Bees which live in colonies however, are non–transient , socially sophisticated and almost perfectly organised.
For humans primarily the honey bee is of interest. There are 9 different species : Apis dorsata laboriosa, Dwarf honey bee, Giant honey bee, Western honey bee Asian, Red honey bee, Apis nigrocincta, Dwarf bush bee, Eastern honey bee and the Asian mountain bee. | | |
| The legs of honey bees are segmented, the hind legs play an important role in pollen collection. The first sector of the hind legs is greatly widened. On the inner side of this, is a thick line of hair which the bee uses to brush off pollen remains. Pollen is transpo...
...ed. On the inner side of this, is a thick line of hair which the bee uses to brush off pollen remains. Pollen is transported to the hive in "baskets" made out of an arrangement of hairs, also located on the hind legs. Like all bees, the honey bee has mouth parts, which can lap up sweet plant secretions (nectar and honeydew). Nectar is transported in part of the stomach called the "honey stomach". Other bees on the same level in the hive are supplied with nectar by this bee.
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| While the males feed on the nectar of various plants, the females in Central Europe prey solely on the workers of honey bees (Apis mellifera). To detect prey they deploy their visual skills as well as their strong sense of smell. When a flying honey bee is clearly identified, the attack is immediate. The bee wolf catches the prey with its front legs and, using its sting, injects poison into the uppersurface of the waist of the prey. The correct place to sting is located with special sensitive h...
...o sting is located with special sensitive hairs. The bee cannot resist, because its own sting cannot fix onto the smooth surface of the bee wolf and is thus not able to penetrate the outer surface. The bee wolf’s sting causes speedy paralysis of the honey bee. The bee wolf then presses out nectar and body fluid from the prey with its powerful front legs and eats this immediately. The bee itself is not consumed and is subsequently dropped. Transport of the prey into the bee wolf’s nest is only to supp... | | |
| Various bee species, including honey bees, store food to ensure the survival of the entire colony in times of food shortage (winter, the rainy season in the tropics). During the winter a beehive needs to maintain a minimum temperature of 10 degrees Celsius, otherwise the entire col...
...val of the entire colony in times of food shortage (winter, the rainy season in the tropics). During the winter a beehive needs to maintain a minimum temperature of 10 degrees Celsius, otherwise the entire colony would die. The food stock of bees (honey) is edible even at very low temperatures. | | |
| | Western honey bees are brown in color. In some sub-species the abdomen also has yellow, orange or red hues. The most noticeable characteristic? of the honey bee is the narrow and elongated radial cells on the forewings. The sides of these cells are almost parallel and only slightly curved. Queens and workers have a poisonous sting, however the queen’s has degenerated as a result of egg laying. | | |
| | Honey bees are considered the most important pollinators of about 80 percent of the flowers in the temperate zones. They fall into the category of livestock because of their production of honey and wax. After removal of these products from the hive, beekeepers provide the bees with substitutes (sugar water), so the bees can survive the winter well. | | |
| | Royal jelly | | Royal jelly is the name of a juice (secretions of the hypopharyngeal glands) with which honey bees feed their larvae and all of their queens. The whole brood of the hive are fed with royal jelly during the first three larval stages, thereafter, the larvae of the workers receive more honey or pollen, while the larvae of the queens are given royal jelly until the end of their development. Royal jelly contains amongst other things, carbohydrates, protein, B vitamins and trace elements.
The production of royal jelly takes place in sp... | | |
| | Bees | | The term "bee" (Apiformes) is used for several families in the order Hymenoptera. When people speak of ‘bees’ they tend to mean honey bees and yet it is estimated that bee species number approximately 20,000 in total, 700 of which can be found in Europe. In Germany there are about 500 species of bees. The oldest bee fossils date back to 80 million years ago.
The body of the b... | | |
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