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| There are 6 different kinds of spear-winged fly larvae and they are shaped like wood lice. They have flat backs and 2 pairs of bristles on their heads. They live on the ground, amongst dead leaves, or in dung or rotting vegetation. They can even be found among the leaves of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea) or white beets, especially in wet weather. The larvae feed on fungal threads (hyphae), algal cells, pollen, soil ... | | |
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| These spiders build their webs on grassland plants or on shrubs near the ground. Most spiders however, die while landing (eg on water surfaces). | | |
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| Scarlet dragonflies are active from April to October. They prefer to live on warm stagnant water (lakes, ponds or pools), where their larvae can develop. The presence of abundant vegetation on the ground at the water's edge is always importantbecause the males like to be there. | | |
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| ...ritory which they defend against rivals. The mating season of the scarlet dragonfly is from May to August in Central Europe, and from April to October in the Mediterranean. Mating begins within a few seconds of flight and is usually continued on the ground. | | |
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| ...remain hidden in the riparian vegetation and only rarely appear. They hunt in the evening and can only be observed flying in daylight during the mating season. Mating starts in the air and is completed after 5 - 10 minutes on a solid surface, on the ground or on plant parts. | | |
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| After 2 - 3 weeks, the larvae hatch from the eggs. They live on the muddy, herbaceous ground near the banks of the water and feed on micro-organisms. The larvae are sepia-coloured, hairy, and 25 - 26 mm in length. The width of the body, at the 6th or 7th segment, is about 8 mm. The encrusted ocelli are at the front of the relatively small h... | | |
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| After 5 to 6 moults, the larvae of Tenthredinidae spin a cocoon in leaf litter or directly in the ground in which they remain, sometimes even for years, resting before they pupate. Adult Tenthredinidae have lifespans of only a few days or a few weeks. Tenthredinidae include some species that are economically important plant pests. | | |
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| ...nd resemble caterpillars. They have 8 small pairs of legs attached to the abdomen. Their antennae have 4 - 5 segments. The larvae of Tenthredo campestris feed on the leaves of various herbaceous plants, trees and shrubs. Their food of preference is ground-elder (Aegopodium podagraria). When disturbed, the larvae curl into a "S" and resemble small snakes. En masse these larvae can cause major damage to shrubs and trees. | | |
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| After mating the females dig deep passageways, from 50 to 600 mm, into the ground, often with side galleries. The eggs are stored individually on pollen and nectar. When the larvae hatch they feed on the pollen and nectar until they pupate. The adult bees hatch in late summer and leave the nest for the first time the follow... | | |
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| ... March, the adult bees of the first generation hatch. The males appear first and fly back and forth over the soil nests on hot days. Mating takes place in April. Immediately afterwards, the fertilized females begin constructing the brood nest in the ground. Nest colonies form/can form, comprising several hundred - up to one thousand - individual nests in a relatively small area. The nests consist of a 160 - 230 mm long main passageway, which can be connected to individual brood chambers. The brood cha... | | |
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