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| Pear Sawflies usually only occur in small numbers. En masse, larvae of the 2nd generation can cause significant damage to fruit trees. | | |
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| ... length. At the end of their development, the larvae leave the water by crawling up parts of plants. After hatching from their outer shell (exuviae), the adult dragonflies dry and begin to fly. In Central Europe, the scarlet dragonfly produces 1 new generation a year, in the Mediterranean, 2 are possible. | | |
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| ...s about 8 mm. The encrusted ocelli are at the front of the relatively small head. The antennae consist of 7 segments. The larvae overwinter twice in water and leave those on a plant stem, 2 to 3 years after they have hatched from their eggs. The new generation of black-lined skimmers hatch at the end of May. | | |
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| ...ellow spots. The underside of the wings is dark brown in colour and bears a striking, white marking in the form of a "C", hence the name "comma". The colouration and patterning of the comma butterfly varies within a year from one generation to another. The caterpillars of the comma butterfly reach body lengths of up to 30 mm. They are orange-brown in colour are with black markings. The upper surface of the body is two-thirds white in colour. The upper third is yellow and black. | | |
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| ... day they stay on the underside of the leaves. The larval stage lasts 6 weeks and then the caterpillars pupate. The pupae are striking; the middle is constrictedly built and has a hump with shiny, metallic patches on the front and back. . The second generation of comma butterflies overwinter as adults. | | |
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| ...they are very common. In Great Britain and Northern Ireland they are almost entirely absent. While 8 species occur in France, there are only 2 in Central Europe, and these are uncommon. Scoliidae living in the temperate zones usually produce 1 new generation per year. However, 2 or 3 broods per year are possible - this has been observed among the Campsomeris species in Korea. | | |
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| ...e, scoliid wasps pupate in cocoons, which are often reddish to brown in colour. The Scoliidae larvae of most Palearctic species overwinter in a preliminary pupae stage. About one month after hatching from the eggs, the adult Scoliidae of the new generation hatch from their cocoons.
Scoliidae are occasionally used by humans to combat grubs. | | |
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| ...ter the rubytail wasp larvae hatch, even the food supplies of their hosts (only insects, no pollen) have been consumed, and they spin a cocoon for themselves in the host’s nest and pupate, either immediately, and then either to fly as another summer generation in the same year, or to overwinter inside of the cocoon. This assumes that the host larvae overwinter as well. The rubytail wasp is able to synchronize its development with the annual cycle of the various host larvae. | | |
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| Adult rose leafhoppers fly away when disturbed, while the nymphs make long jumps to escape. Rose leafhoppers reproduce twice a year., They can breed especially well in warm summer weather. The eggs of the second generation overwinter in the bark of the sprouts of roses. The larvae, hatch in the spring and possess only rudimentary wings. The adult cicadas (fully developed and equipped with wings) move to their summer host plants in June, as well as to plants of the gen... | | |
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| After mating, the fertilized females lay their eggs in plant tissue. The larvae of Eupteryx aurata develop into adult cicada in 5 stages. The body structure of the larvae is roughly equivalent to that of the adults. In Central Europe, the 2nd generation each year overwinter as eggs. | | |
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